Market Data 
Federal Reserve (Fed) Governor Christopher Waller delivered a prepared speech at the International Organization for Standardization Technical Committee 68 Financial Services 44th Plenary Meeting on Friday but refrained from commenting on the monetary policy or the economic outlook.
“As we navigate the latest wave of technological innovation in payments, the fundamental payment system dynamics and role of technical standards are not new,” Waller said. “However, the pace of change is a lot faster now than in the 1910s, when paper checks were used. Collaboration among a broad range of private and public stakeholders can help to establish standards for integrating the new technologies into the payment system.”
Summary of Federal Reserve policymakers’ speeches after April inflation data: Fed officials recognize inflation progress, remain cautious about policy easing
US Dollar PRICE This week
The table below shows the percentage change of US Dollar (USD) against listed major currencies this week. US Dollar was the weakest against the New Zealand Dollar.
| USD | EUR | GBP | JPY | CAD | AUD | NZD | CHF | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| USD | -0.95% | -1.37% | -0.20% | -0.49% | -1.29% | -1.74% | 0.10% | |
| EUR | 0.95% | -0.47% | 0.74% | 0.44% | -0.38% | -0.82% | 1.03% | |
| GBP | 1.37% | 0.47% | 1.14% | 0.91% | 0.10% | -0.34% | 1.51% | |
| JPY | 0.20% | -0.74% | -1.14% | -0.32% | -1.06% | -1.60% | 0.33% | |
| CAD | 0.49% | -0.44% | -0.91% | 0.32% | -0.78% | -1.26% | 0.51% | |
| AUD | 1.29% | 0.38% | -0.10% | 1.06% | 0.78% | -0.54% | 1.42% | |
| NZD | 1.74% | 0.82% | 0.34% | 1.60% | 1.26% | 0.54% | 1.86% | |
| CHF | -0.10% | -1.03% | -1.51% | -0.33% | -0.51% | -1.42% | -1.86% |
The heat map shows percentage changes of major currencies against each other. The base currency is picked from the left column, while the quote currency is picked from the top row. For example, if you pick the US Dollar from the left column and move along the horizontal line to the Japanese Yen, the percentage change displayed in the box will represent USD (base)/JPY (quote).
Fed FAQs
Monetary policy in the US is shaped by the Federal Reserve (Fed). The Fed has two mandates: to achieve price stability and foster full employment. Its primary tool to achieve these goals is by adjusting interest rates. When prices are rising too quickly and inflation is above the Fed’s 2% target, it raises interest rates, increasing borrowing costs throughout the economy. This results in a stronger US Dollar (USD) as it makes the US a more attractive place for international investors to park their money. When inflation falls below 2% or the Unemployment Rate is too high, the Fed may lower interest rates to encourage borrowing, which weighs on the Greenback.
The Federal Reserve (Fed) holds eight policy meetings a year, where the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) assesses economic conditions and makes monetary policy decisions. The FOMC is attended by twelve Fed officials – the seven members of the Board of Governors, the president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, and four of the remaining eleven regional Reserve Bank presidents, who serve one-year terms on a rotating basis.
In extreme situations, the Federal Reserve may resort to a policy named Quantitative Easing (QE). QE is the process by which the Fed substantially increases the flow of credit in a stuck financial system. It is a non-standard policy measure used during crises or when inflation is extremely low. It was the Fed’s weapon of choice during the Great Financial Crisis in 2008. It involves the Fed printing more Dollars and using them to buy high grade bonds from financial institutions. QE usually weakens the US Dollar.
Quantitative tightening (QT) is the reverse process of QE, whereby the Federal Reserve stops buying bonds from financial institutions and does not reinvest the principal from the bonds it holds maturing, to purchase new bonds. It is usually positive for the value of the US Dollar.
