- There won’t be any high-level US reports due this week.
- Fed officials aren’t providing any new insights on the bank’s next movements.
- The next highlight will be next Wednesday when the US releases April’s CPI figures.
The US Dollar Index (DXY) is trading at 105, registering mild gains. Market dynamics are currently influenced by Federal Reserve (Fed) Chair Jerome Powell’s cautious remarks regarding the unpredictable trajectory of inflation despite an easing trend in recent times. As well as Powell, the Fed officials flagged concerns regarding sticky inflation, despite the long implementation of restrictive monetary policies. Unless any of the Fed speakers kick the table, there won’t be any big movements this week for the USD.
Investors got spooked on Friday by the soft labor market report and rushed to bet on sooner rate cuts. However, the US economy seems to be resilient, and the pace of the USD will be dictated by incoming data.
Daily digest market movers: DXY is mildly up, dovish bets and lower yields may limit upside
- Post-Fed policy meeting, expectations for Fed easing have dropped, keeping the odds for a June cut steady at around 10%. This indicates a prevalent trust in the strength of the US economy.
- Fed officials align with Powell’s view, projecting a skeptical perspective for any imminent rate reduction. Market odds suggest varied easing possibilities – 10% for a June cut, 35% for July, and 85% for September.
- US Treasury bond yields recorded a dip with the 2-year yield at 4.80%, the 5-year yield at 4.44%, and the 10-year yield at 4.43%, which may limit the upside for the USD.
DXY technical analysis: DXY presents battle with bears struggling to hold command
On the daily chart, the Relative Strength Index’s (RSI) positive slope indicates the presence of upward momentum, albeit in negative territory. This suggests that bears currently have control, though buyers are fighting back. The Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD) shows a reduction in red bars, further hinting at sellers losing steam and a potential turn in momentum towards the upside.
Meanwhile, the recent price action seen on the charts shows bulls working toward recovery. The DXY is positioned below the 20-day Simple Moving Average (SMA), indicating recent bearish pressure. However, it remains above the 100 and 200-day SMAs. This positioning suggests that despite recent selling bouts, the long-term sentiment remains in favor of further upside.
Central banks FAQs
Central Banks have a key mandate which is making sure that there is price stability in a country or region. Economies are constantly facing inflation or deflation when prices for certain goods and services are fluctuating. Constant rising prices for the same goods means inflation, constant lowered prices for the same goods means deflation. It is the task of the central bank to keep the demand in line by tweaking its policy rate. For the biggest central banks like the US Federal Reserve (Fed), the European Central Bank (ECB) or the Bank of England (BoE), the mandate is to keep inflation close to 2%.
A central bank has one important tool at its disposal to get inflation higher or lower, and that is by tweaking its benchmark policy rate, commonly known as interest rate. On pre-communicated moments, the central bank will issue a statement with its policy rate and provide additional reasoning on why it is either remaining or changing (cutting or hiking) it. Local banks will adjust their savings and lending rates accordingly, which in turn will make it either harder or easier for people to earn on their savings or for companies to take out loans and make investments in their businesses. When the central bank hikes interest rates substantially, this is called monetary tightening. When it is cutting its benchmark rate, it is called monetary easing.
A central bank is often politically independent. Members of the central bank policy board are passing through a series of panels and hearings before being appointed to a policy board seat. Each member in that board often has a certain conviction on how the central bank should control inflation and the subsequent monetary policy. Members that want a very loose monetary policy, with low rates and cheap lending, to boost the economy substantially while being content to see inflation slightly above 2%, are called ‘doves’. Members that rather want to see higher rates to reward savings and want to keep a lit on inflation at all time are called ‘hawks’ and will not rest until inflation is at or just below 2%.
Normally, there is a chairman or president who leads each meeting, needs to create a consensus between the hawks or doves and has his or her final say when it would come down to a vote split to avoid a 50-50 tie on whether the current policy should be adjusted. The chairman will deliver speeches which often can be followed live, where the current monetary stance and outlook is being communicated. A central bank will try to push forward its monetary policy without triggering violent swings in rates, equities, or its currency. All members of the central bank will channel their stance toward the markets in advance of a policy meeting event. A few days before a policy meeting takes place until the new policy has been communicated, members are forbidden to talk publicly. This is called the blackout period.
