Valter Longo has been studying longevity in Italy for nearly 20 years, but having grown up in regions like Molochio, Calabria, he would say he’s been interested in how to live longer basically all of his life.
In 1989, Longo officially started researching what it takes to make it to age 100 and beyond. Now, he’s the director of the Longevity and Cancer Laboratory at the IFOM Institute of Molecular Oncology in Milan, Italy.
Longo is also the director of the Longevity Institute of the Leonard Davis School of Gerontology at the University of Southern California – Los Angeles.
Italy is the perfect place for Longo’s work, as its home to several areas where people live longer than most including Sardinia, which is the one of the first regions longevity researcher Dan Buettner designated as a “Blue Zone.”
One of Longo’s biggest takeaways as he studied how to live longer is that “diet is by far the most important.”
Here’s what Longo says is the best way to eat for longevity.
Limit these 5 problematic foods
“I recommend what I call the longevity diet, which takes from lots of different things,” Longo tells CNBC Make it. “Both the Okinawa diet and the Mediterranean diet.”
Ideally, the longevity diet that Longo suggests will follow these characteristics:
- Mostly vegan
- Relatively low fruit intake, but high vegetable intake
- Legumes
- Tree nuts
- Whole grains
- Fish three or four times a week
From ages 20 to 70, he also recommends that people eat “no red meat, no white meat, maybe two, three eggs a week, at most, very little cheese [and] very little animal-based products.”
There are foods that Longo suggests limiting — he calls them the five problematic Ps.
They include:
- Potatoes
- Pasta
- Pizza
- Protein
- Pane (bread)
“I think they’re very good ingredients. They just happen to be problematic,” he says, “because people just eat tons of it, and they become sugar very quickly, almost as quickly as table sugar.”
Longo also believes that fasting in a safe way contributes to longevity — “I recommended 12 hours of fasting daily. Let’s say you eat between 8 a.m. and 8 p.m. [or] 7 a.m. [and] 7 p.m.” — and is a proponent of periodically implementing a fasting-mimicking diet for five days at a time.
The fasting-mimicking diet involves eating a diet “high in unsaturated fats and low in overall calories, protein and carbohydrates,” according to the USC Leonard Davis School of Gerontology.
A recent study published in the journal Nature Communications, which Longo is the senior author of, found that, in mice, adhering to the fasting-mimicking diet was associated with reduced biological age and a lower risk of developing diseases like cancer, diabetes and heart conditions.
Longo says, “those periods of fasting were probably key to maintaining functionality and staying younger.”
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