- A Ukrainian tank crew survived multiple Russian drone strikes on their Abrams tank.
- Abrams tanks have better crew protection than Soviet-style tanks.
- But Ukrainian forces are also enhancing Abrams with additional armor to counter emerging threats.
A Ukrainian tank crew survived around half a dozen direct Russian drone strikes on their Abrams tank, a feat a tank commander told researchers wouldn’t have been possible in a Soviet-style tank like a T-72.
As footage of the engagement circulated on Russian Telegram channels, war analysts Rob Lee and Michael Kofman, experts at the Foreign Policy Research Institute and Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, connected with the Ukrainian tank commander from the 47th Mechanized Brigade who shared how that bad situation in Russia’s Kursk region ultimately played out.
“That’s our tank,” he told them. “There were 4-6 direct hits. The crew survived, and even without injuries. God bless America.”
The American-made tank was disabled and taking repeated hits from fiber-optic first-person-view, or FPV, drones, which are not as vulnerable to electronic warfare countermeasures as other systems in use in Ukraine because the connection comes from a cable linking the drone and the operator.
“The Abrams is a great tank,” the Ukrainian commander said in a string of remarks Lee shared on X. “Thanks to the fact that the ammo is completely separated from the crew, the crew has a chance to survive.” The Russians were unable to penetrate the hull or the turret while the crew was inside. Ukrainian forces have repeatedly celebrated Western tanks for their survivability.
Unlike the T-series tanks, where ammunition is stored on racks in the turret, the Abrams is equipped with blast doors and vents that protect the crew in the event the ammunition is ignited. On Soviet-style tanks, which were not built with crew survivability as a top priority, if the ammunition in the turret is ignited, it can cause a major explosion inside the tank. The serious overpressure kills the crew and launches the turret into the air.
The tank commander told Lee and Kofman that the crew likely wouldn’t have survived the fight if they’d relied on the Abrams armor alone, though.
The American-made M1 Abrams tank is powerful, with greater range, firepower, and armor than the Russian T-series tanks, which were built for mobility and massed armored assaults, but the M1s that the Ukrainians received are older export variants that lack the top armor upgrades of US Army tanks, such as depleted-uranium armor.
The commander said that “without the additional ERA and ‘cope netting’ on top of the turret,” the crew “would have been smashed and surely dead by now without any chance. The tank’s armor is weak, and it is vulnerable (as any other tank) to FPV drones.”
Ukrainian troops have been analyzing Abrams losses and equipping tanks with explosive reactive armor made to explosively repel projectiles, and cages and netting designed to catch incoming drones before they can strike the tank, especially around the vulnerable turret. The Ukrainians sometimes add two to three tons of additional Kontakt-1 ERA.
The tank commander said that the Abrams armor combined with the add-ons, as well as the tank features specifically built for crew survivability, “saves human lives, even in DIRE conditions.”
The crew was able to get out of the tank and fall back to friendly lines. The Russians struck the tank several more times after they abandoned it. The commander said it might still be salvageable. With better crew survivability, trained tankers live to fight another day, but a key challenge for Ukraine is that it only has a limited number of Abrams. The US only sent 31 tanks. It did, however, provide hundreds of armored Bradley infantry fighting vehicles.
The Ukrainian tank commander who spoke to Lee and Kofman expressed concerns about American preparation for future wars. For instance, he called attention to the training he received. He said that the US instructors “were completely unaware of the modern battlefield threats.”
“They do not understand at all the threat posed by the FPVs,” the commander said.
There’s a growing awareness in the US military that these systems are threats, but having not experienced these challenges the way the Ukrainians have in a war that is being dominated by deadly uncrewed systems, developing sufficient training programs and necessary tactics, techniques, and procedures remains a work in progress.
But important to note is that the US military fights with more capabilities than Ukraine as a combined force that offers it greater lethality. Still, there are lessons to be learned from this war and the way the Ukrainians are fighting it.
“American tankers should act promptly,” the commander said. “Protect your tanks urgently to avoid losses in potential near-future conflicts, taking into account our experience.”
The US Army is monitoring developments in Ukraine closely and working to apply lessons from the conflict. The Pentagon, likewise, is increasingly recognizing the threat that drones can play, from the high-end systems to the cheap, off-the-shelf capabilities, and recently released its counter-drone strategy to prepare the joint force for future battlefields where drones are likely to pose a significant challenge.
